Vs atkins diet
Premenopausal women aged 25 to 50 years were invited to enroll if their body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 27 to 40, body weight was stable over the previous 2 months, and medications were stable for at least 3 months. Weight loss was greater for women in the Atkins diet group compared with the other diet groups at 12 months, and mean 12-month weight loss was significantly different between the Atkins and Zone diets ( P Conclusions. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The ongoing obesity epidemic, 1 along with its health costs and consequences 2 and the health benefits of weight loss, 3 -. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. There were no significant group differences at baseline in percentage of energy from carbohydrate, fat, or protein or in grams of saturated fat or fiber, except for a borderline significant difference in percentage of energy from fat between Atkins and LEARN ( P. At 12 months, the patterns of nutrient differences between groups were still present, but the magnitude of differences was diminished. There were no substantive differences in any of these findings compared with the analyses with baseline values carried forward and, therefore, only the primary analyses are presented. A range of behavior modification techniques were discussed during the 2-month classes. However, relative to baseline, there was a significant mean decrease in reported energy intake at all postrandomization time points ( P. Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project. 31, 32 The primary analysis was conducted applying intention-to-treat methods with baseline values carried forward for missing values. Participant Flow Through the Trial View Large Download Figure 2. A Delicious Way to Maintain the Atkins Lifestyle All Through the Day. 1 kg on a calibrated clinical scale. Weight loss at 12 months was the primary outcome. Overall, the LEARN manual has the greatest emphasis on behavior modification strategies. The LEARN program is intended to be a 16-week program and, therefore, the 8 weeks of guidance through this book reflected an accelerated time frame, which was necessary to match the time frame given for the other 3 diet groups. Participants were recruited from the local community, primarily through media advertisements. At subsequent time points the diets were statistically different in carbohydrate content, progressing from low to high across the Atkins, Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and related metabolic variables. The reverse pattern, higher to lower intakes, was statistically significant for protein, fat, and saturated fat at all time points. 8, 9, 18, 19 The guidelines for the Zone and LEARN diets incorporated specific goals for energy restriction, while for the Atkins and Ornish diets, there were no specific energy restriction goals. 7-kg difference for 12-month weight change between groups. Differences among diets for 12-month changes from baseline were tested by ANOVA. The Ornish and Zone books suggest some stimulus-control strategies but on the whole do not emphasize behavior modification, whereas both the Atkins and LEARN books suggest multiple strategies, such as relapse preparation and planning strategies and goal setting. Randomization was conducted in blocks of 24 (6 per treatment group) and occurred by having a blinded research technician select folded pieces of paper with group assignments from an opaque envelope. The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing. This same pattern was observed for fiber intake. 7 kg (6 lb, approximately 3% for a 180-lb individual). 8, 9 However, limited evidence has been available to effectively evaluate other diets. Local foods not found in the comprehensive database were added to the database manually. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. Additional recommendations given for physical activity, nutritional supplements, and behavioral strategies were consistent with those presented in each diet book. Relative to baseline, there was a modest and significant mean increase ( P. Consult your physician or health care provider before beginning the Atkins Diet as you would any other weight loss or weight maintenance program. 05. While questions remain about long-term effects and mechanisms, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Weight Change Relative to Baseline View Large Download Baseline values were carried forward for any missing values. At all time points, the statistically significant findings for HDL-C and triglycerides concentrations favored the Atkins group ( Table 3 ). Participant enrollment began in February 2003, and the study ended in October 2005. Author Affiliations: Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, Calif. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. Connect with and support other Atkins dieters like yourself through live chat, forums, groups, and more. The primary emphasis for the Ornish group was no more than 10% of energy from fat. The study was approved annually by the Stanford University Human Subjects Committee. Height was measured to the nearest millimeter using a standard wall-mounted stadiometer. 34, and 5. Disclaimer: Nothing contained on this Site is intended to provide health care advice. Between-group differences in dietary intake at each time point were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Based on previous trials, we projected a 6. For statistically significant ANOVAs, all pairwise comparisons among the 4 diets were tested using the Tukey studentized range adjustment. The selected minimal clinically significant between-group difference in weight change was 2. 20. Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Attendance was not different by diet group ( P. Thus, with 4 treatment groups and a projected 75 participants per group, the study was designed to have 80% power to detect a 2. Should you have any health care-related questions, please call or see your physician or other health care provider. Also for exploratory purposes, all analyses of weight and secondary outcome measures were tested using only available data, without using baseline values carried forward for missing data or other imputation methods. 33, 4. The primary study objective was to examine the effects of diets and gradations of carbohydrate intake on weight loss and related metabolic variables in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. National dietary weight loss guidelines (ie, energy-restricted, low in fat, high in carbohydrate) 7 have been challenged, particularly by proponents of low-carbohydrate diets. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise. Data collectors were trained and certified by the Nutrition Coordinating Center. The recalls occurred on 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day per time point, on nonconsecutive days whenever possible. In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight and experienced more favorable overall metabolic effects at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults—the Evidence Report: National Institutes of Health. A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite c ompensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Several recent trials compared low-carbohydrate vs traditional low-fat, high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets. At the 2- and 6-month intermediate time points, the weight change for the Atkins group was significantly greater than for all other groups ( P P. 3-kg SD of weight change. Energy expenditure was assessed using the well-established Stanford 7-day physical activity recall. Participants were enrolled in 4 cohorts, with the first cohort starting in February 2003 and the last cohort starting in September 2004. The primary objective was to test whether any of the 4 diets, representing a spectrum of carbohydrate intake, was more effective than any other in 12-month weight loss. All data were collected at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 months. Each group received specific target goals according to the emphasis of the assigned diet. Between-group differences in patterns of nutrient intake were largest at 2 months. For exploratory purposes, ancillary analyses were conducted to determine the effect of diet group assignment on secondary outcomes at 12 months after adjusting for changes in weight loss using linear regression. 35 (Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). Body weight was measured to the nearest 0. 10, 11. Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, Kim S, Stafford RS, Balise RR, Kraemer HC, King AC. Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 12. All statistical tests were 2-tailed using a significance level of. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). The LEARN group was instructed to follow a prudent diet that included 55% to 60% energy from carbohydrate and less than 10% energy from saturated fat, caloric restriction, increased exercise, and behavior modification strategies. Clinic and laboratory staff members were blinded to treatment assignment. 05. 0. Long-term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. Dietary intake data were collected by telephone-administered, 3-day, unannounced, 24-hour dietary recalls using Nutrition Data System for Research software, versions 4. Efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets: a systematic review. Launch Low Carb Meal Solution for Health-Conscious Consumers. 06. Overview of the Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) intervention for promoting physical activity in primary health care settings. Blood samples were collected after a 10-hour or longer fast. Each diet group attended 1-hour classes led by a registered dietitian once per week for 8 weeks and covered approximately one eighth of their respective books per class. Statistical testing of changes from baseline to 2 months and to 6 months using pairwise comparisons are presented for descriptive purposes. 12 -. Total energy expenditure was slightly higher for the Ornish group vs the other 3 groups at baseline but was not significantly different among groups at any subsequent time point ( Table 1 ).
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